Hawaii | Page 335 | Images of Old Hawaiʻi

September 30, 2018 by Peter T Young Leave a Comment

Hana High School

The journey to Hāna was made partly over unpaved wagon roads and horse trails, often rendered impassable by damage from frequent rains. The most common means of travel to Hana was by steamer ship. Writer Robert Wenkam states that:

“When Hana was without a road, and the coastal steamer arrived on a weekly schedule, Hana-bound travelers unwilling to wait for the boat drove their car to the road’s end … rode horseback … walked down the switchback into Honomanu Valley. …”

“By outrigger canoe it was a short ride beyond Wailua to Nahiku landing where they could borrow a car for the rest of the involved trip to Hana. Sometimes the itinerary could be completed in a day. Bad weather could make it last a week.” (Library of Congress)

In 1900, folks saw the need to extend a good wagon road through to Hāna, which would be part of the island’s “belt” (around-the-island) road system. That year, a rudimentary road was built from Ke’anae to Nahiku.

The 1905 Superintendent of Public Works report stated that “very rough country is encountered in these districts. On account of the great expenses of road construction, the road has been made as narrow as possible in order to construct, with the money available, the maximum length of road”. (LOC, Territory of Hawaiʻi 1905)

Overland travel continued by horse and many travelers followed the trails along the irrigation ditches. Steamers remained the preferred mode of transportation for travel along the Hāna Coast.

Beginning in 1908, in anticipation of road improvements, twenty-four solid-paneled, reinforced-concrete bridges were built by 1915; from 1916 to 1929, an additional thirty-one bridges were built with a reinforced-concrete. (NPS)

Hana High and Elementary School was established by the Department of Education in 1912. “The new school at Hana will be a four room one, and it is hoped that it will be finished soon.”

“The new Hana school will stand in grounds that cover four acres. The site is an ideal one for a school and the view from the place is a magnificent one.” (Maui News, October 19, 1912)

“‘The idea of putting up a high school in Hana is preposterous,’ Chairman Marques of the education committee remarked after the session. This looks bad for the Hana high school …”

However, Pashoal noted, “‘The Hana people are all related to everybody in Maui, and if we get a high school established in Hana
the children attending it will all find homes with relatives in that section of the country.’” (Hawaiian Gazette, March 16, 1917)

“The Hana school gardens are improving. The boys have made the gardens at the foot of Kauikl Hill. Mr. Alyward, one of the teachers, has charge of the garden boys.”

“Wednesday and Friday afternoon we have vocational work. The girls do some tatting and crotcheting. In the future the girls will also weave.” (Josephine Jacobs; Maui News, January 16, 1920)

“The vocational work of the Hana school is going on very smoothly. Some of the older boys work in the carpenter shop while others plant their gardens.”

“The carpenter shop boys recently made some flower stands on which ferns have been placed. They are growing nicely. They also made some picture frames for the pictures of the late Theo. Roosevelt, just received.” (Margaret Cabral; Maui News, January 16, 1920)

“An additional room for the Hana School was proposed by Supt. MacCaughey while visiting here. Also something for the children during recreation hours; such as a gymnasium or a cooking department.”

“Most of the children of Hana School have caught the ‘skipping rope fever.’ Ropes may be seen all over the school yard. The girls skip in double style, while some of the boys do It in single, not being so skilled in the art.” (Eleanor McKenzie; Maui News January 23, 1920)

“The cabbages that are growing in the garden are about ready for sale. Some carrots were also planted, but they do not seem to flourish here. The boys are going to plant some Irish potatoes during this week.” (Charles Jacobs; Maui News January 23, 1920)

“Miss Kapol who is teaching the girls how to weave and crochet has quite a large class, but Mrs. Haia who conducts the tatting class has more children. Both classes have already finished many articles.” (Helen Akana; Maui News January 23, 1920)

“The corn which we planted on Kau Iki Hill is growing splendidly. This will help to beautify the (school yard) hill when full grown.” (Hideo Ibara; Maui News January 23, 1920)

“We are raising chickens at home and they are all fine, large ones As for the little ones, we must always be on the watch; otherwise they will go into the cane and get lost.” (Hitoshi; Maui News January 23, 1920)

The former Hana School campus is now the Hana Community Center and District Complex and Ball Park. The present Hana High and Elementary School, built in 1977, is a Grade K to 12 school. Total design enrollment is 500 students. Today, the school serves approximately 350 students from kindergarten through high school.

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Hana Community Center

September 29, 2018 by Peter T Young 1 Comment

Puhina o Lono Heiau

Cook had first arrived in Hawai’i in 1778, stopping off at Kauai; however, his return the following year coincided with the annual Makahiki, the season that honored Lono with tribute offerings, feasting, competitive games, and hula performances. Traditionally warfare was taboo during this period.

The emblem of Lono was an upright pole with crossbeam and hanging tapa cloth, which the Hawaiians likened to the mast and sails of the European ships.

During this visit to Hawai’i Island, Cook performed the first Christian ceremony at Hikiau Heiau, a funeral service for a crew member who had died January 28, 1779.

Within days, Cook’s ships departed and all would have gone well, but fate ordained otherwise. A broken mast forced Cook’s return to Kealakekua Bay for repairs.

By then the Makahiki had ended and attitudes had changed. There followed a skirmish at the water’s edge fronting Ka’awaloa village (a residence of ruling Chief Kalani‘ōpu‘u), and Captain Cook was slain.

Cook’s body was then taken to nearby Puhina o Lono Heiau for traditional Hawaiian rites that included cooking and cleaning flesh from his bones, an honor afforded to only the highest and most sacred Hawaiian chiefs. (Ala Kahakai)

“Some of Cook’s bones, considered sacred, were deposited in a heiau (temple) dedicated to Rono, on the opposite side of the island.”

“There religious homage was paid to them, and from thence they were annually carried in procession to several other temples, or borne by the priests around the island, to collect the offerings of the people for the support of the worship of the god Rono.”

“The bones were preserved in a small basket of wickerwork completely covered over with red feathers, which in those days were considered to be symbols of kingship or godship, and were the most valuable articles the natives possessed.”

Ellis stated that since the time of his arrival in the islands, in company with the deputation from the London Missionary Society in 1822, every endeavour had been made to learn, though without success, whether Cook’s bones were still kept, and their location.

All the Hawaiians of whom inquiry had been made had asserted that they were formerly kept by the priests of Rono, and worshipped as sacred objects.

“Whenever we have asked the king, or Hevaheva, the chief priest, or any of the chiefs, they have either told us they were under the care of those who had themselves said they knew nothing about them, or that they were now lost.”

“The best conclusion we may form is that part of Captain Cook’s bones were preserved by the priests, and were considered sacred by the people probably till the abolition of idolatry in 1819; that, at that period they were committed to the secret care of some chief, or deposited by the priests who had charge of them, in a cave, unknown to all besides themselves.”

“The manner in which they were then disposed of will, it is presumed, remain a secret, till the knowledge of it is entirely lost.” (Lack)

“At about one mile from the shore on the hill is a monument, erected in 1825 by Lord Byron, Captain of his Britannic majesty’s frigate ‘Blond,’ to the memory of Captain Cook. It consists of a simple wall of lava about five feet high, embracing a square of twenty feet, in the centre of which is a cedar post, twelve feet in height, and near the top a copper plate, with this inscription:”

“‘In memory of Captain James Cook, R. N., Who discovered these Islands, in the year of our Lord, 1778. This humble monument is erected by his fellow countrymen, in the year of our Lord, 1825.’”

“This post is completely covered with the initials of persons who have from time to time visited the spot, chiefly the masters, officers, and crews of vessels”. (Townsend)

Puhina o Lono (literally meaning ‘to burn Lono’, also sometimes referred to as “Cook’s Heiau”) was succinctly first described by archaeologists as “an enclosure where the bones of Captain Cook were extracted”.

There are two written accounts of visits to Puhina o Lono in the years immediately following the abolition of traditional religion in 1819, one by the missionary William Ellis and the other by the English naturalist Andrew Bloxam.

In 1823, Ellis travelled along the coast of Kealakekua Bay and gives a second-hand account of the upcountry site of Puhina o Lono:

“… Mr. Goodrich ascended a neighboring height, and visited the spot where the body of the unfortunate Captain Cook was cut to pieces, and the flesh, after being separated from the bones, was burnt.”

“It is a small enclosure, about fifteen feet square, surrounded by a wall five feet high; within is a kind of hearth, raised about eighteen inches from the ground, and encircled by a curb of rude stones. Here the fire was kindled on the above occasion; and the place is still strewed with charcoal. (Ellis)

A second visit to the site on July 15, 1825 is recounted in the journal of Andrew Bloxam. Bloxam describes a small group of British
Sailors – including himself, Lord George Anson Byron and other members of crew of the HMS Blonde …

… who were taken to the site by a local chief named Naihe (also referred to as Nahi) and told that this was the “spot where Captain Cook’s body was taken and cut up immediately after he was killed”.

Bloxam does, go into great detail in his description of the creation of a monument to Cook consisting of a “stone pyramid” with a wooden post holding a brass plaque:

In the center of this [enclosure] Lord Byron, Mr. Ball, Davis and I laid the first four stones of a pyramid to form the base of a monument to his memory.

A large post was fixed in the middle of this, and on the top was nailed a brass plate, with the following words engraved upon it: To the memory of Captain James Cook, R.N., who discovered these islands in the year of our Lord 1778. This humble monument was erected by his fellow countrymen in the year of our Lord 1825. (Flexner & McCoy)

The layout of the site and its surrounding features suggest that this was not a simple or small structure, a fact that in our view makes it unlikely it was specially built in the short time that elapsed between Captain Cook’s death and when his body was partially returned to his crew.

It is oriented to the local landform, rather than to a particular sacred direction; northeast being expected if it were dedicated to Lono. Further, there is documentary evidence to support the notion that at the time of contact the site was not used as a heiau.

An 1883 Hawaiian Government survey map of Kealakekua Bay shows the site as a rectangular enclosure labelled as Puhina o “Lono”.

While other sites on the 1883 map were identified as “Old Heiau”, Puhina o Lono was not. Other early references to Puhina o Lono also do not refer to it as a heiau. The site only begins to be referred to as a heiau in the 20th century, first as Puhina o Lono Heiau (USGS 1928) and later as Cook’s Heiau (USGS 1959).

If the site of Puhina o Lono was not purpose-built to process Cook’s body, and is also not a good fit for the architectural forms of heiau, there are a number of other possible roles it could have played in the ritual landscape.

“One scenario that we see as likely is that this structure was used in the preparation of high chiefs for burial. The close proximity of burial caves, and its placement outside both the primary coastal and upland residential zones, is circumstantial evidence supporting this interpretation.”

“(I)t would appear that Cook’s remains may have been treated in much the same fashion as a high chief, rather than requiring some new hitherto unknown and exceptional religious ritual apparatus.”

“While this is far from definitively settling the ‘apotheosis or not’ debate regarding Cook, it pushes us to think about how sites of religious ritual were being used in the earliest days of the post-contact period.”

“The timing of the HMS Blonde’s visit to Ka‘awaloa, so closely following the abolition of traditional religion is certainly a factor; but far more important to understanding this event is the purpose of the HMS Blonde’s visit to Hawai‘i.”

“Almost exactly a year earlier, Liholiho (King Kamehameha II) and his wife Queen Kamāmalu died from measles on a visit to the UK. The HMS Blonde returned the royal bodies to O‘ahu, then proceeded to Ka‘awaloa with the explicit purpose of creating a monument to Cook.”

“The placement of the monument in the centre of the enclosure, the same location as the hearth where Cook’s body was burnt, may have been deemed correct (pono) for the crew who had played a pivotal role in bringing the king and queen back to Hawai‘i for burial.”

“In sum, the monument’s construction does not necessarily indicate that the site was de-sacralised in a material expression of the wholesale replacement of one set of beliefs and values with another.”

“Rather, the specific historical context suggests the re-use of building materials in a continuously sacred, if transformed, architecture.” (Flexner & McCoy)

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Capt-Cooks-Monument-compared-with-a-diary-sketch-from-1825

Puhina o Lono Sketch-McCoy

1883-map-of-Kealakekua-Bay-shows-Puhina-o-Lono

kealakekua_bay_USGS_map

September 28, 2018 by Peter T Young Leave a Comment

Columbia

“The little ship ‘Columbia’ of Boston, only eighty-three feet long, was the first American vessel to circumnavigate the globe, and a few years later was also the first to visit our Northwest Coast.”

“This last voyage was perhaps the most famous one ever undertaken by an American merchant ship, and its consequences were everlasting. A young American seaman first called attention to the importance of the fur trade of the Northwest.”

“The two vessels sailed from Boston on September 30, 1787 … When the expedition arrived on the northwest coast, … Capt. Robert Gray then took command of the Columbia”. (Niles National Register, November 25, 1837)

“The cargo of hardware, tools, toys, beads, etc, brought from Boston was gradually exchanged during the long winter for furs, which were taken to Canton, the two captains then exchanging commands. The proceeds of the skins were used to purchase tea, which was brought back to Boston.” (Old Shipping Days in Boston, 1918)

“On his return (Gray) called at the different clusters of islands in the South seas, and among the rest at the Sandwich, where, as well as in other places, he met with the most friendly attentions from the natives, go at Owyhee, where their king resided.” (Niles National Register, November 25, 1837)

“The ‘Columbia’ … spent three weeks at the Hawaiian Islands, laying in a store of fruits, yams, potatoes, and hogs. They were kindly received there”. (Porter)

“Such was the confidence placed in captain Gray, both by king and people, that they permitted him to bring away with him to Boston their crown prince (Attoo), fully relying on his promise to return him to them.” (Niles National Register, November 25, 1837)

They secured a cargo of furs from the northwest “and, in pursuance of the owners’ plan, was carried to Canton for sale. … From China the ship, loaded with teas, sailed for home by way of the Cape of Good Hope. In August of 1790 she dropped anchor in Boston harbor, the first American vessel to circumnavigate the earth.” (Howe; The Atlantic Monthly, 1903)

“(The) second voyage, on which she sailed September 28, 1790, was destined to write the good ship’s name on the map of the country.”

“It was nearly two years later when, having taken Attoo back to Hawaii in the humble capacity of cabin boy, and having spent a winter on the coast, Captain Gray, cruising to the southward, saw what he took to be the mouth of amighty river.”

“There were breakers to warn him against entering it. To this forbidding aspect of things we may owe the entry in Vancouver’s journal at the same point …”

“‘Not considering this opening worthy of more attention, I continued our pursuit to the northwest.’ For Captain Gray the breakers were an obstacle only to be overcome.”

“After several efforts he drove the ship through them, and found himself in a noble stream of fresh water. Up this river he sailed some twenty-four miles, and having assured himself that he might continue farther if he chose, returned to the sea.”

“The headlands at the mouth of the river he named, like a true son of Boston, Cape Hancock and Point Adams. He raised the American flag, buried some coins of his young country, and named the river after his vessel, the Columbia.”

“Upon this discovery and the explorations of Lewis and Clark in the next decade, the American government based its successful claim to the Oregon country.”

“Yet for the Boston merchants whose enterprise wrought such momentous results, the second voyage, like the first, was but a small success.”

“In spite of the abundant salutes and cheers which greeted the Columbia when she sailed into Boston harbor in July of 1793, the ship and her inventory were sold at once by auction at a Charlestown wharf.”

“It was hers, however, to open the way to an important commerce.”

“In the years immediately following, a lucrative trade, largely in the hands of Boston merchants, was carried on in direct pursuance of the Columbia’s example, even in the matter of circumnavigation with stops at the Sandwich Islands and China.”

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Columbia_on_river

September 27, 2018 by Peter T Young 1 Comment

Oni Oni

“The pounding of native drums and an old Hawaiian chant, together with soothing tones of an ultra-modern dance orchestra, gave birth to a fascinating dance the natives named ‘Oni-Oni.’” (Hnl Adv, September 27, 1934)

“South America has its rhumba; Spain its tango; Harlem its shuffle – and now Hawaii has its ‘Oni Oni,’ that combines all these features plus the sway of the hula.”

“This fascinating dance to music composed by Harry Owens, director of the Royal Hawaiian orchestra, was presented Thursday evening at the famous beach hotel by Miss Hazel Hale and Clayton Romler.” (Hnl Adr, September 30, 1934)

“Hazle Hale has played on the RKO circuit at Paramount studies, Hollywood, and has been features danseuse with the Belcher Hollywood Bowl ballet. She is a graduate of Belcher’s studio of dancing.”

“Clayton Romler has been featured in a long list of productions. He has appeared at Warner Bros. Theaters, Inc Hollywood, at Paramount Publix … (and) was master of ceremonies and featured dancer at the Cathay hotel roof garden, Shanghai … and toured the Far East in 1933.” Star-Bulletin, September 27, 1934)

“A cosmopolitan crowd applauded the Oni-Oni dance … at the Royal Hawaiian. The dance, high light of the evening at the hotel dinner-dance, was demonstrated … To music which combined the primitive tone of old Hawaii with the modern rhythm of today.” (Hnl Adv, September 30, 1934)

“(Oni Oni) has a bit of foxtrot, a suggestion of waltz, and eccentricity of the Harlem shuffle, the subtleness of the tango and the sway of the hula.” (Hnl Adv, September 27, 1934) Dance steps include (as described in the Advertiser and State Archives:

1st position: The opening position of the ‘Oni Oni’ must be danced to music with a 1 and 2 and 1 and 2 rhythm, allowing for a sudden startling change into the primitive 5-4 times.

Man starts with right foot forward, lady steps back on her left in a hula dip, keeping a 1 and 2, and 1 and 2 count. This step done with a swing to a traveling hula step breaking into a 1,2,3 and 1,2,3 rhythm. Repeat once.

2nd position: With the gentlemen’s left arm up and the lady’s right arm extended, a sway step is first made to gentlemen’s left, still keeping the rhythm of 1, 2, 3 and 1, 2, 3 count, which is repeated once.

The hula-like sway continues with definite steps from left to right. Interpretation of a kiss made with the lady’s right hand and the man’s left, then vice versa, both keeping directly in front of each other. A touch of the syncopated shuffle follows.

3rd position: Change in the dance mood with the man stepping out with the right foot, the lady with the right, and a strut-type of step, followed by a hula sway. Man holds the lady tightly about the waist and lady places her left arm around his neck as he swings her in with a sudden dip.

4th position: Again the sway begins with definite steps from left to right, with the interpretation of a kiss given, followed by a touch of a shuffle. See position 2.

5th position: A decided change in dance mood, with gentleman stepping out with left foot, lady with right and strut type step, with a hula sway following. Then gentleman holds lady tightly around the waist and lady places her left arm around the gntlman’s neck and he swings her with a sudden dip manner.

The lady does a modified quick step 1 and 2, and 1 and 2 rhythm, while the man enters into a primitive 5-4 rhythm, making a decided contrast moving front and back, right foot forward. Followed by a fast turn around the floor with drums beating louder in the primitive rhythm.

6th position: With the man’s left arm and lady’s right arm extended upward, a sway step is made to the man’s left, then to right, still keeping the 1,2,3 and 1,2,3 rhythm to intense drum beats of primitive rhythm. For the finish step, lady moves left to right then with a hula movement traveling backward, followed by the man similarly moving forward. This takes up eight measures working into the exit step of the “Oni Oni.”

Finish steps: The lady moves from left to right, then with a hula movement traveling backward, she is followed by the man similarly traveling forward. The step takes eight bars and works into the exit step, finishing the “Oni Oni!”

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1-Oni Oni, with dancers Hazel Hale and Clayton Ramler at the Royal Hawaiian Hotel-P-4-3-002-Oct 10, 1934

1-Oni Oni, with dancers Hazel Hale and Clayton Ramler at the Royal Hawaiian Hotel-P-4-3-003-Oct 10, 1934

1-Oni Oni, with dancers Hazel Hale and Clayton Ramler at the Royal Hawaiian Hotel-P-4-3-004-Oct 10, 1934

1-Oni Oni, with dancers Hazel Hale and Clayton Ramler at the Royal Hawaiian Hotel-P-4-3-005-Oct 10, 1934

2-Oni Oni, with dancers Hazel Hale and Clayton Ramler at the Royal Hawaiian Hotel-P-4-3-006-Oct 10, 1934

3-Oni Oni, with dancers Hazel Hale and Clayton Ramler at the Royal Hawaiian Hotel-P-4-3-007-Oct 10, 1934

3-Oni Oni, with dancers Hazel Hale and Clayton Ramler at the Royal Hawaiian Hotel-P-4-3-008-Oct 10, 1934

3-Oni Oni, with dancers Hazel Hale and Clayton Ramler at the Royal Hawaiian Hotel-P-4-3-009-Oct 10, 1934

3-Oni Oni, with dancers Hazel Hale and Clayton Ramler at the Royal Hawaiian Hotel-P-4-3-010-Oct 10, 1934

4-Oni Oni, with dancers Hazel Hale and Clayton Ramler at the Royal Hawaiian Hotel-P-4-3-011-Oct 10, 1934

5-Oni Oni, with dancers Hazel Hale and Clayton Ramler at the Royal Hawaiian Hotel-P-4-3-012-Oct 10, 1934

5-Oni Oni, with dancers Hazel Hale and Clayton Ramler at the Royal Hawaiian Hotel-P-4-3-013-Oct 10, 1934

5-Oni Oni, with dancers Hazel Hale and Clayton Ramler at the Royal Hawaiian Hotel-P-4-3-014-Oct 10, 1934

5-Oni Oni, with dancers Hazel Hale and Clayton Ramler at the Royal Hawaiian Hotel-P-4-3-015-Oct 10, 1934

5-Oni Oni, with dancers Hazel Hale and Clayton Ramler at the Royal Hawaiian Hotel-P-4-3-018-Oct 10, 1934

6-Oni Oni, with dancers Hazel Hale and Clayton Ramler at the Royal Hawaiian Hotel-P-4-3-017-Oct 10, 1934

6-Oni Oni, with dancers Hazel Hale and Clayton Ramler at the Royal Hawaiian Hotel-P-4-3-018-Oct 10, 1934

6-Oni Oni, with dancers Hazel Hale and Clayton Ramler at the Royal Hawaiian Hotel-P-4-3-019-Oct 10, 1934

Finish-Oni Oni, with dancers Hazel Hale and Clayton Ramler at the Royal Hawaiian Hotel-P-4-3-021-Oct 10, 1934

Finish-Oni Oni, with dancers Hazel Hale and Clayton Ramler at the Royal Hawaiian Hotel-P-4-3-020-Oct 10, 1934

September 26, 2018 by Peter T Young Leave a Comment

EO Hall & Son, Ltd

“At the regular meeting of the Prudential Committee, held at the Missionary Rooms, on Tuesday afternoon, May 27, 1834, it was: ‘Resolved that Mr. Edwin O. Hall of the city of New York be appointed an assistant missionary of the Board and designated to the Sandwich Islands, to be employed as a printer in connection with that mission.’”

“‘Resolved that Miss Williams, of the city of New York be appointed an assistant missionary of the Board, with the expectation of her being united in marriage with Mr. Edwin O. Hall, this day appointed to the Sandwich Island mission.’”

“Embarking December 5, 1834, on the ship Hellespont with six other missionaries (Rev. Titus Coan and wife; Henry Dimond and wife. Bookbinder; Miss Lydia Brown. Teacher.; Miss Elizabeth M. Hitchcock. Teacher) comprising the sixth reinforcement (Seventh Company) to the mission, after a voyage of six months, Mr. Hall and his bride reached Honolulu, June 6, 1835.’”

“He at once took charge of the printing office in Honolulu, relieving Mr. Rogers, who was transferred to the branch printing office at the High School at Lahainaluna, Maui. Mrs. Hall’s health failed after a year or two, as she became afflicted with a serious spinal trouble, which prevented her from walking and kept her confined all day on her couch.” (Ballou)

Levi Chamberlain wrote to Rufus Anderson that, “The health of several of the missionaries is in a deranged state … Mrs Hall continues ill and a voyage to the NW Coast is recommended in her case … hoping that the cold of that region will restore (her)”. (Chamberlain)

The Halls arrived in the Oregon Country in 1839. On April 19, 1839, Hiram Bingham, head of the Hawaiʻi mission wrote, “The church & congregation of which I am pastor has recently sent a small but complete printing and binding establishment …”

“… by the hand of Brother Hall, to the Oregon mission, which with other substantial supplies amount to 444,00 doll. The press was a small Hand press presented to this mission but not in use. The expense of the press with one small font of type, was defrayed by about 50 native females …”

“… including Kina‘u or Ka‘ahumanu 2d. This was a very pleasing act of Charity. She gave 10 doll, for herself & 4 for her little daughter Victoria Ka‘ahumanu 3d.” (This is not the same press that Bingham brought on their initial voyage to Hawaiʻi.) Mr. Hall helped set up the press at the Lapwai mission station.

Mrs. Hall suffered from a chronic illness of the spine. To reach various inland destinations she traveled by canoe when possible. She was carried in a hammock from Ft. Walla Walla to Waiilatpu. On November 5, 1839, she gave birth to a daughter. The Halls returned to Hawaii in March 1840. (Whitman Mission)

In 1843, at the time when Admiral Thomas restored the Kingdom, Hall wrote lyrics (sung to the tune of ‘God Save the King’) honoring the Hawaiian Kingdom: Hail! to our rightful king!; We joyful honor bring; This day to thee!; Long live your Majesty!; Long reign this dynasty!; And for posterity; The sceptre be.

It was “Sung at the great cold water luau (‘temperance picnic’) given by H.H.M. Kamehameha III, in Nu‘uanu to several thousands of natives and all the Foreigners including the officers of 4 ships of war. For which Admiral Thomas thanked the ladies and gent who did him the honor.” (August 3, 1843)

EO Hall left the mission in 1849 and on May 19 of that year was appointed director of the Government Printing Office (GPO); his responsibilities included printing The Polynesian, the GPO printed all of Hawaii’s statutes and other official documents. (He left this position on May 19, 1855.) (LOC)

The business of EO Hall & Son, Limited, was commenced in 1852, under the firm name of EO Hall, at the corner of Fort and King streets, Honolulu. For over a year after starting, the business was under the personal charge of Mr. TL Leyman, a half-brother to EO Hall, who at that time was editing the Polynesian newspaper.

In these early years, most of the customers were natives, and besides hardware the stock consisted of dry goods of all kinds and quite an assortment of groceries.

In 1859, William W Hall entered the employ of the firm as clerk, and became partner with his father in 1865, when the name of the firm was changed to EO Hall & Son.

The firm continued to deal in hardware, agricultural Implements, dry goods, leather, paints and oils, sliver-plated ware, wooden ware, tools of all kinds, kerosene oil, etc., until about the year 1878, when dry goods were dropped, except a few staple articles.

In 1880, Mr E Oscar White, a grandson of EO Hall, became an employee of the firm. In 1883 the business was incorporated, and during that same year Edwin Oscar Hall, the founder of the business, died (September 19, 1883) while on a visit to the US at Falmouth, Maine.

The company later put in stock a complete line of ship chandlery, and this has become one of the principal features of the business. This includes a large assortment of manila rope and iron and steel wire rope of all sizes up to four Inches. (Alexander)

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