March 27, 1820 – it is with peculiar emotions of adoring gratitude that we acknowledge the distinguishing goodness of God seasonably interposed for our deliverance this day. While Brother Whitney was assisting in painting the outside of the vessel, which he considered not only as pleasant and profitable, but needful exercise, the rope on which he held by one hand gave way and let him fall from a temporary scaffold into the sea. His weight, and the force of the ship entirely broke his hold from the rope and left him astern calling for help. Capt. B’s orders were promptly executed, and the Brig, tho’ under full sail at the rate of 6 or 7 knots an hour, was “hove to” in less than 5 minutes and stopped sailing. In the meantime Br. W. whose perfect self-possessed skill in swimming enabled him successfully to buffet the waves after one or two had broken over him happily gained a small bench which had been providentially carried on deck a few minutes before, and was thrown overboard to serve him as a temporary buoy. On this he was easily sustained after it had once or twice deceived him by rolling, tho’ his strength was considerably exhausted. Never before did the Mission family know how much they loved him. In 5 minutes more the boat was cleared away and let down, and sent to his relief, which reached him in about 5 minutes at the distance perhaps of 1/6 of a mile. Before the Boat set off, he raised his hat and waved it, lest his anxious wife should be too much distressed, and then composed himself in prayer; while many on board were, in this “soul-trying hour” lifted up to God in fervent petitions that he would spare his life for his appointed work among the gentiles. Not far from 21 minutes after he fell, by the blessing of him who had said, “When thou passest through the waters I will be with thee”, he was safely returned and joyfully received on board and welcomed with many tears, and with thanksgiving to our strong deliverer who saved the sinking Peter, and who was now equally present with his saving help. Assembled this evening and presented our united thank offering to our covenant Father who is our “very present help in trouble”, who can at once deliver those who trust in him, from the waves and from the monsters of the deep, and with equal care “from the floods of ungodly obligation”.
We acknowledge too, our obligation to Capt. B. and others under him, not only for the kind sympathies which they manifested but for the prompt and efficient aid which they extended to our brother in distress. As the best return which we can make, may we be enabled to exhibit equal sympathy, promptitude, and efficiency in seeking their salvation. We hope this interesting providence will do us all good, make us feel more deeply the importance of constant preparation for our unexpected summons, produce in us a more cheerful spirit of laborious diligence in the work which we believe God has designed for our brother and the rest of us to do among the heathen, who without aid must sink in endless perdition. (Thaddeus Journal)

27th. Today our dear brother Whitney fell overboard as he was assisting the sailors paint the outside of the Brig. We were sailing at the rate of 6 knots an hour and it was some time before the Boat could be lowered to go after him but he was able to reach a bench which was thrown to him and so was spared his valuable life as we trust for great usefulness in Owhyhee (Hawaii). Thus is the Lord right to help in times of trouble. (Samuel & Nancy Ruggles)

March 27th. A kind and merciful providence, has this day interposed and rescued my dear Husband from a watery grave. This morning he felt in unusual good spirits and said to me, “I shall soon have a downfall,” intimating, that he expected something would turn the current of his feelings. Feeling the need of exercise, & the officers being engaged in painting, he offered to assist them. It was not long before I heard a running on deck – all seemed to be in great confusion. I could not imagine what could be the cause of such commotion; until I heard the cry “Morrison” (one of the sailors) “has falled over board.” I ran upon deck and was soon informed it was Mr. W. But the promise “as thy day is, so shall thy strength be,” was verified to me. I was enabled to compose my feelings & look to God in prayer. I felt willing to leave my dear friend in the hands of my heavenly Father, knowing that he would do what is best. The place itself where he stood was not dangerous, but the rope by which he held gave way, which occasioned his fall. We were sailing 6 miles an hour; but no sooner was it known that he was in the water than the sails were turned and the vessel stopped. This was done almost instantly. One of the officers afterwards remarked to me, “it seemed providential & very remarkable that so much should be accomplished in so short a time.” The boat was immediately let down & rowed for his deliverance. By this time the vessel had drifted a considerable distance from him, he had previously caught hold of a bench which was thrown over for his relief; & God was pleased to spare his life until other means were used to rescue him from danger & death. Here will I again erect my Ebenezer, for hitherto hath the Lord in mercy helped me. He has restored to me, my dear husband when he had sunk in the deep, and the grave seemed ready to swallow him up. O what shall I render to the Lord for his goodness. I hope this dispensation of providence may be sanctified, and prove a means of exciting us to diligence in our Master’s work. May we remember that death will soon terminate our labours and that “what we do we must do quickly.” (Mercy Partridge Whitney Journal)

27. – How mysterious are the ways of providence, & how frail this human dependence! When my mountain stood strong, and I said I shall not be moved, then God hid his face & I was troubled. But I cried unto him and he heard me, his loving kindness was great and he delivered me. – This morning as the officers were painting on the quarter, I thought it would be a good time for me to exercise, believing there would be no danger from the stage which was let down as I had taken the precaution to see that the rope was fast which was to support me. I had not been at work long before the ropes slipped & I fell back into the water the ship that this time was going at the rate of six miles an hour. With emotions not to be described I saw the ship, my friends, the wife of my bosom leaving me behind. But I was not left long to speculate on dissolving ties. Eternity appeared nearer than ever before. The thought of soon standing before my judge was for a moment dreadful. But he who said to the winds & the waves ‘be still’ gave me strength to commit myself into his hands. And there in the midst of the waves I renewed my covenants to spend my spared life in building up his kingdom in the Isles of the sea. Relief was at hand and in the space of 20 to 30 minutes I was again on board. Thus I now stand a monument of God’s mercy, bound by a covenant which I hope, & trust the influence of temptation will never cause me to break. (Samuel Whitney Journal)

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March 28, 1820 – Lat. 19° N., Lon. 150° West. Within two or three days sail of Owhyhee. We have thought it desirable to observe this day as a season of fasting and prayer, that we may be better prepared to enter on our work with proper feelings of heart; with confidence in God; with penitence for our own sins, with gratitude for the blessings of gospel, with compassion for the wretched children of superstition, and with benevolence toward all intelligent beings and with faith in the blood and promises of Christ with reference to the salvation of the heathen. (Thaddeus Journal)

28. – As we expect soon to land on heathen shores our church have thought it best to keep this as a day of fasting and prayer. (Samuel Whitney Journal)

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March 29, 1820 – no entry. (Thaddeus Journal)

Another day will probably show us the long looked for land of Obookiah, where the ignorant inhabitants are enslaved by Satan and led captive by him at his will, xxxx O what would be the feelings of Obookiah did he now live to behold the happiness which awaits his dear countrymen. Often did he weep for them, often pour out his soul in prayer that God would send them the gospel. But now he rests in the bosom of his Father, and the prayers which he uttered have come up for a memorial before God and his countrymen are about to hear the news of salvation. At Length we are permitted to behold the land of our expected labours. (Elisha Loomis Journal)

March 29,1820. Brother T. in the Chair. Resolved, That a Committee be appointed to purchase of the natives of Owhyhee, such articles as may be thought desirable and to do what trading is necessary.
Resolved, That b’rother Chamberlain of our company and Mr. Honneywell of the Thaddeus be a Committee for this purpose. (Minutes of the Prudential Meetings of the Mission Family)

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March 30, 1820 – Let us thank God and take courage. Early this morning the long looked for Owahyee and the cloud capt and snow spt Mauna Keah appear full in view to the joy of the animated multitude on board (11 o’clock A.M.) We are now coasting along the noth-east part of the Island, so near the shore as to see the numerous habitations, cultivated fields, smoke rising in different parts, fresh vegetation, rocks, rivulets, cascades, trees &c. and with the help of glasses men and women, immortal beings purchased with redeeming blood. We are much pleased, not to say delighted with the scene and long to be on shore. (4 o’clock – P.M.) Pass Mowe on the right. Having turned the Northern extremity of O. Capt. B. this afternoon sent off a boat to make inquiries respecting the king &c. Mr. Hunnewell, a mate, Thos. Hopoo, J. Tamoree and others, went nearly to the shore and fell in with 10 or 12 native fishermen in their canoes, who readily gave the important information that the aged King Tameamaah is dead – that Reehoreeho his son succeeds him – that the images of his Gods are burned – that the men eat with the women in all the Islands, – that one chief only was killed in settling the affirs of government, and he for refusing to destroy his Gods. – that Reehoreeho the young king, and Kiimokoo the first chief, sometimes called Billy Pitt, both reside at Owhyhee. If these are facts they are interesting facts, and seem to show that Christ is overturning in order to take possession and that these Isles are waiting for his law, while the old and decaying pillars of idolatry are falling to the ground. The moment seems favorable for the introduction of Christianity and the customs of civilized life, and our hopes are strengthened that there will be welcome. Whatever be the moral character and habits of the young king, we believe that these important particulars may with some confidence be rested on ; 1st that he is specially desirous for improvement in learning; 2nd that he has long been indifferent to Idol worship, that he is not unfriendly to the whites. Our hearts do rejoice, though we are disappointed in not being allowed to preach Christ to that venerable Chief, – and tho’ we believe we shall have trials enough to give exercise to faith and patience, yet our hearts do rejoice to hear the voices of one crying, “In the wilderness prepare ye the way of the Lord, make straight in the desert a highway for your God”. (Thaddeus Journal)

March 30 – … at early morning, March 30th, to the joy of our expectin little company, the long looked for Hawaii appeared in the West. The lofty Mauna Kea lifted its snow crowned summit above the dark and heavy clouds that begirt its waist.
Our natives eagerly watching, had descried it in the night, at the distance of eighty miles. As we approached, we had a fine view of about sixty. miles of the N. E. coast of the island-the districts of Hilo, Hamakua, and part of Kohala; and as the sun shining in his strength dissipated the clouds, we had a more impressive view of the stupendous pyramidal Mauna Kea, having a base of some thirty miles, and a height of nearly three miles.
Its several terminal peaks rise so near each other, as scarcely to be distinguished at a distance. These, resting on the shoulders of this vast Atlas of the Pacific, prove their great elevation by having their bases environed with ice, and their summits covered with snow, in this tropical region, and heighten the grandeur and beauty of the scene, by exhibiting in miniature, a northern winter, in contrast with the perpetual summer of the temperate and torrid zones below the snow and ice. The shores along this coast
appeared very bold, rising almost perpendicularly, several hundred feet, being furrowed with many ravines and streams.
From these bluffs, the country rises gradually, for a few miles presenting a grassy appearance, with a sprinkling of trees and shrubs. Then, midway from the sea to the summit of the mountain, appeared a dark forest, principally of the koa and ohia, forming a sort of belt, some ten miles in breadth – the temperate zone of the mountain.
As we approached the northern extremity of Hawaii, we gazed successively, upon the verdant hills, and deep ravines, the habitations of the islanders, the rising columns of smoke, the streams, cascades, trees, and vestiges of volcanic agency: then, with glasses, stretching our vision, we descried the objects of our solicitude, moving along the shore-immortal beings, purchased with redeeming blood, and here and there, the monuments of their superstition. Animated with the novel and changeful scene, we longed to spring. on shore, to shake hands with the people, and commence our work by telling them of the great salvation by Jesus Christ. As we passed round the northern extremity of Hawaii, Maui rose on our right, at the distance of twenty-five or thirty miles.
Having gained the lee, or western side of Kohala, an officer with Hopu and Honolii, was sent by a boat, at 4 P. M., to make inquiry of the inhabitants respecting the state of the islands, and the residence of the king. Waiting nearly three hours, we hailed their return, eager to catch the sound of the first intelligence; and how were our ears astonished to hear, as it were, the voice divine, proclaiming on their hills and plains,
‘In the wilderness, prepare ye the way of the Lord,
Make straight in the desert, a highway for our God.’
How were our hearts surprised, agitated, and encouraged beyond every expectation, to hear the report ‘ ‘Kamehameha is dead – His son Liholiko is king – the tabus are abolished – the images are destroyed, – the heiaus of idolatrous worship are burned, and the party that attempted to restore them by force of arms has recently been vanquished!’ The hand of God! how visible in thus beginning to answer the prayer of his people, for the Hawaiian race! (Hiram Bingham)

March 30th, 1820. —–Memorable day—a day which brings us in full view of that dark pagan land so long the object of our most interested thoughts. Between twelve and one this morning, the word was from Thomas who was up watching, ‘land appears*. When the watch at four was called, Honoree came down saying, ‘Owhyhee sight!’ There was but little sleep. When the day afforded more light than the moon we were all out, and judge you, if possible, what sensation filled our breasts as we fixed our eyes upon the lofty mountains of Owhyhee!I O! it would be in vain to paint them. I attempt it not. A fair wind carried us by different parts of the island near enough to discern its verdure, here and there a cataract rushing down the bold precipice—some huts, natives and smoke. I would I could put my feelings, for a little season, into your bosoms. Fo boats coming off as usual, Capt. B— thought it advisable to send ashore to inquire into the state of things, and where he might find the king. Our good Thomas and Honoree, with Mr. Hunnewell and a few hands, set off. Our hearts beat high, and each countenance spoke the deep interest felt as we crowded around our messengers at their return. With almost breathless impatience to make the communication, they leap on board and say, Tamaahmaah is dead! The government is settled in the hands of his son Keehoreeho-Krimokoo is principal chief—the taboo system is no more–men and women eat together;—the idol gods are burned!! How did we listen! What could we say? The Lord has gone before us and we wait to see what He has for us to do. (Sybil Bingham)

March 30. Lat. 20d Long. 155 W. The long wished for Owhyhee is now in full view on our left. We made the snow topt mountain of Mauna-Noa about 2 Oc. this morning. You may well suppose that after a voyage of 160 days, we were not a little glad. Our feelings cannot be realized but by those in like situation. The joy manifested by the native youth, is such as we should any of us feel to behold the land of our birth, after so long an absence.
9 Oc. We are now 8 miles from shore, and can see streams and rivulets of fresh water issuing from the mountain. Empty themselves into the sea. The country before us is beautiful, wearing the appearance of a cultivated place – with houses and huts. and plantations of sugar cane and Tarrow.
2 Oc. Sent off a boat to make discoveries. and hope they will return bearing an ‘Olive branch in their mouth.’
4 Oc .P.M . boat returned with news of King Tamahamaah’s death; that the worship of Idolatry and other heathenish customs are entirely abolished. Such glad news we were not prepared to receive. Truly the Lord hath gone before us in mercy.
We have not yet ascertained whether we may be permitted to land. (Lucia Ruggles Holman)

March 30
March 30th. Last night about 1 o’clock brother Hopoo came to my room almost in an ecstasy of joy and told me to get up and see Owhyhee (Hawaii); I-went on deck and by the bright moonlight could just discover it 60 miles from us. At daylight we could see plainly the high mountain Mahoon- ah Kaah (Mauna Kea) clothed in a thick mantle of snow. I will leave it to my friends to imagine what our feelings are at the sight of land, that land which we have long wished to see, and in which we hope to plant the standard of the cross and labour for Christ.
This afternoon we sent a boat for the shore, but it was met by some canoes of natives, who gave us information that Tamahamaha (Kamehameha) the King* was dead; Oreoreo (Li ho liho) his eldest son succeeded him to the throne. They also informed, us that their Taboos were all broken their Harais burnt to ashes and their idols destroyed. They had been at war, but now, all was peace and prosperity; and the men and women ate together and enjoyed equal privileges.’ We could, hardly credit all this, but were constrained to exclaim in the language of our hearts, “What hath God wrought.” (Samuel Ruggles)

After sailing one hundred and fifty-seven days, we beheld, looming up before us, March 30, 1820, the long looked-for island of Hawaii. As we approached the northern shore, joy sparkled in every eye, gratitude and hope seemed to fill every heart. The native youths were all animation, scarcely seeking the refreshment of either sleep or food. Hopu, though he was up all night that he might enjoy a glimmering view of Mauna Kea, after eating half a meal at breakfast table, begged to be excused, that he might go and see where his father lived.

Thursday Noon. We are now approaching the shores, & are permitted to gaze on the island of Owhyhee. Joy sparkles in every eye, gratitude & animating hopes seem to fill every heart. The dear native youth particularly Thomas & Honora are all animation, scarcely seeking the refreshment either of sleep or food. Good brother Thomas, although he sat up all night that he might enjoy a glimmering view of his native country, at breakfast after eating half a meal, begged to be excused “that he might go & see where his father lived.” We have now a full view of Mount Mowno Roa. Its top being covered with snow produces a novel appearance in this equatorial region. It is some of the highest land in the world, & can be seen forty or fifty leagues at sea, in clear weather. It is a volcano, which sometimes burns with incredible fury. — As we have been pleasantly sailing, round within two or three miles of the northern shores of the island, with mingled emotions & an inexpressible interest, have we gazed on their villages & fields.

At Night. This afternoon the Captain sent ashore to learn where the king was. The messengers soon returned, bringing the following interesting facts; that Tammahamaah was dead; that the idols of the Sandwich islands were no more; that men & women ate together. (Lucy Goodale Thurston)

March 30th. I awoke this morning at an early hour, and heard one of the officers say, “Owhyhee is to be seen.” I arose though but half past 2, & by moonlight could plainly see the Island. It was about 40 miles distant. When the morning came and the sun dispelled the shades of night, we saw the mountain of which you have heard much said. Its appearance was truly sublime reaching even above the clouds. Streams of water were seen running from it in torrents while its top was covered with perpetual snow. This mountain is Volcanic. As we sailed along and came near to the shore, green grass and cultivated land appeared. About 12 o’clock we saw several persons on the shore and not far distant a Morai, or Idol Temple.
4 o’clock. We have been sailing today within a few miles of the Island expecting to see the natives come paddling in their canoes; but none have yet visited us. Thomas Hopoo and John Honoree with several of the ship’s crew, have been near the shore in a boat, but did not land. Several of the natives were out a fishing, of whom they enquired for King Tamaahamaaha, who informed them he was dead, and his son Rehoreho had succeeded him and burnt all his Father’s idols. They likewise informed them that they had now no Taboos or religious laws, & that men & women eat together. I understand that a few years since it was thought such a disgrace for a man to eat with a woman, no one would ever eat with him afterwards; and for the woman the punishment was death. Well may we exclaim “what hath God wrought.” It seems as if the Lord had verily gone before us, and that the Isles are even now waiting for his law. Have we not occasion to rejoice we do indeed rejoice, but it is with trembling. Though the idols of Owhyhee are burnt we do not expect that idolatry is utterly abolished. We probably shall have to struggle with many difficulties and meet with much opposition before the standard of the cross will be erected in this heathen land. I am much fatigued with the labors of packing my things today and must bid you good night. (Mercy Partridge Whitney Journal)

30. – Last night at 3 o’clock I was awakened to look at the long expected island of Owhyhee. Joy again fills my heart. At 9 we were opposite Mouna-Keah said to be one of the highest mountains and the world. Its top is covered with snow which descends apparently about half of the way. Beautiful cascades are seen poring over its cliffs, & the clouds float along its sides. At 12 we were off the northern point. This is said to be the pleasantest part of the island. The boat was has now gone ashore & we are waiting to hear the news. 4 o’clock. The boat has returned. King Tamaamaha is dead, his son Rehoreho has succeeded to the throne, idolatry is destroyed & both sexes eat together. We are now about 50 miles farther to go in order to see the King. Eternal thanks to God the Lord of the whole universe. He hath broken down with his own hand the greatest barriers to our work. (Samuel Whitney Journal)

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The Thaddeus stays around Kawaihae – some missionaries and members of the crew of the Thaddeus go ashore there. The Thaddeus drifts and apparently does not anchor there.

March 31, 1820 – The interesting intelligence of yesterday is confirmed today by a visit of Mr. Ruggles, Tho. H. and Tamoree to the residence of Krimokoo where they were kindly received and entertained.  The widow of Tamh. sent us a present of fresh fish, cocoanuts, sweet potatoes, bananas, sugar-cane, breadfruit, &c., expressing much satisfaction that we had come to teach them good things.

Several natives came off to the Brig in the canoes, with some little articles of provisions, of their own manufacture, shells, &c. for the purpose of traffic.  of them we inquired whether they had learned anything about Jehovah who had made Owhyhee and all things.  They replied, that Reehoreeho the King had heard of the great God of the white people, and had spoken of him, that all the chiefs but one had agreed to destroy their Idols, because they were convinced that they could do no good since they could not even save their King.  idol worship is therefore prohibited and the priesthood entirely abolished.  – Sing, O Heavens for the Lord hath done it. (Thaddeus Journal)

31^st. ” Soon after meridian, on the 31st, the brig lay to off Towaihae (Kawaihae) Bay, on the west coast of Kohala, the northern district of Hawaii. An officer, Mr. Hunnewell, was dispatched in a boat with two natives to learn the condition of affairs onland. His journal states that “at 2 p.m. I went to the shore for information. I was informed that the King Tamehameha [1st], was dead, that Rehurehu [Liholiho his son] was head chief, that Krimoku [Kalanimōku] was second in power, that they ‘had caused to be burned all their wooden gods,’ that all the chiefs and natives had become Inores, that one chief, [?] refusing to give up his wooden gods, had been put to death. I returned to the brig at 4 p.m., where the news was gratefully received by our missionary friends’ told them in the words he used, ‘Kamehameha is dead, the gods and temples are burned— Owyhee’s idols are no more.”  (James Hunnewell)

March 31st. I need not say this is a deeply interesting season. For a moment my heart has failed me. I have been these five months, bringing these scenes to my view, so much that I thought I should in a measure stand unmoved. But I am obliged to seek my little room and let the tears flow. Canoes of the naked natives are along side of our vessel and coming on board. 0, my sisters, you cannot tell how the sight of these poor degraded creatures, both literally and spiritually naked, would affect you; I say naked. They have nothing but a narrow strip, which they term a marrow, tied around them.  (Sybil Bingham)

31st.  Thomas and I had been on shore at Toahie (Kawaihae); Larokrimakoo (Kalanimoku) the head chief, and two of Tamahamaha’s (Kamehameha) widows; all seemed pleased to see us, and treated us with kindness.

The news which we heard yesterday was confirmed by them. Yes, beloved friends, “Owhyhee’s (Hawaii) idols are no more”. God has done a great work for us apparently without any human agency; a work to accomplish for which we expected to labour for years. Their high priests and now ranked among the lowest class of people. This revolution took place about the time we left our native shore, the time when so many prayers were offered up for us, and for this nation. They have now no worship but seem to be waiting for the law of Christ. While on shore I visited the ruins of the most celebrated Moral on the Island; saw the ashes of more than 300 human victims who had been offered in sacrifice to their dumb idols. The land on this side the Island is barren being almost entirely made of lava. The natives go naked except a narrow strip of cloth fastened round the middle.  (Samuel Ruggles)

March 31.  We have been becalmed near 24 hours.  Early this morning one of the officers & several men went on shore, to invite the head chief and his lady, to come and see us.  The men & boat have returned, and brought some of the productions of the Island, such as sweet potatoes, bread-fruit, plantains, cocoanuts, sugar-cane &c.  I relish none except the coconut.  Brother Ruggles was one who went ashore.  They went to the house of the chief and were treated with great kindness and hospitality.  The best of the house afforded was set before them.  The natives cut their poe (or pudding) made of tarrow with their fingers; but perceiving Brother R chose not to eat in such a manner, they got him a spoon made of an elephant’s tooth.  It was not customary for them to drink tea, but because they were white men, the Queen who was there, ordered some to be made it was poured into a China bowl and drank with a silver spoon; she taking a spoonful herself, then passing it around.  When they first enter the house, the Queen was lying on a mat or the floor, with several attendants; some rubbing her, others keeping off the flies.  They visited the Morai (heiau)& saw the ruins of idolatry.  The bones of human victims with those of hogs and dogs, laid strewed upon the ground with the ashes of the idols.  The reason they gave for burning their Gods was this, they said they could not save the life of Tamaahmaah (Kamehameha), nor of his father, therefore they were good for nothing.  How surprising! That what we expected would be the labour of years, God has accomplished before our arrival.  He orders all the events of providence in such a manner, that no flesh may glory in his presence.  (Mercy Partridge Whitney Journal)

31. – Have this day sent a boat to invite on board a chief called Krimahoo (alias Billy Pitt.) who is prime minister of state: but as he had gone a fishing he did not come.  (Several canoes came full of natives, naked except a small piece of tappa about the loins.  Here is a picture of human depravity without the covering of a civilized education.)  (Samuel Whitney Journal)

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