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February 22, 2019 by Peter T Young Leave a Comment

Hawaiian Floral Parade

“In no other city in all the United States is Washington’s Birthday observed as it is in Honolulu. It is the one national holiday which the Hawaiian city has chosen above all others for its own, to celebrate as no other American city is able to do.”

“Nowhere else under the American flag does the twenty-second of February find smiling ‘skies, flower—scented breezes, and an enthusiastic and patriotic populace.”

“For the past six years the celebration of the day has centered in a great floral pageant in which all the nationalities of Honolulu’s most cosmopolitan population have vied with each other in doing honor to the memory of America’s first President and great statesman.”

“Each year has seen the efforts of the preceeding one surpassed, and the 1911 celebration gives promise of very far eclipsing all of the others.”

“The Floral Parade idea originated some eight or nine years ago, but it was not until 1906 that the date was finally set for Washington’s Birthday, and the parade became a regular institution.”

“The first parade was held on Thanksgiving Day, and was largely an automobile parade, made up of decorated motor cars, which at that time had come to be quite common in the city.”

“Each year the idea developed, however, until finally it was recognized as everybody’s celebration, and everybody felt that he had a definite part to play in making the show a success. From being simply a day’s diversion for a few of the city’s wealthy class, it has now come to occupy the most important place in the year’s calendar of holidays for every one in the Territory.”

“In fact, one day is now scarcely big enough to hold it, and last year the carnival feature (which has come to claim a prominent place, although not thought of in the earlier years) was inaugurated the evening before, as it will be again this year. The project of making the celebration cover the entire week will be carried out within the next year or two.”

“New Orleans has her Mardi Gras; Pasadena, her Tournament of Roses; and Portland, Oregon, her rose Festival, each rivaling in a manner the elaborate fiestas and pageants of the Old World.”

“But it remained for Hawaii, the ‘Paradise of the Pacific,’ to originate a celebration of an attractiveness not possible in any less favored part of the world.”

“Honolulu’s Floral Parade does not represent so large an expenditure of money as do some of the others, but nature has furnished the mid-Pacific Islands with things that money cannot buy in perfect weather, brilliant flowers, and a mixture of races working in harmony to produce a day of brilliant novelty and interest that cannot be duplicated.”

“For the past three or four years steamship facilities have been entirely inadequate to bring the crowds of tourists who turn Hawaii-ward with the coming of February, and their enthusiastic praise insures for succeeding years renewed interest in Hawaii from every country in the world.”

“It is such appreciation, too, that adds zest to the workers on each succeeding year – this and the healthy rivalry between the different branches – for the cost of Hawaii’s one great day, not alone in money, but in hard work for months before, is something that cannot be adequately expressed.”

“Citizens and visitors who are in Honolulu on the eve of February 22 (1911) – Washington’s Birthday – will find one of the principal downtown streets closed to public traffic, and two of the largest wharves similarly cut off for a time from public use …”

“… while big trans-Pacific liners scheduled to dock at those wharves will have to steam to a less convenient wharf at the other end of the harbor.”

“The closed street and the closed wharf will be alive with hustling humanity. Early in the evening – Honolulu time – a famous statesman will touch a button in Washington – the President of the United States, in the White House – and the button will ring in Honolulu.”

“ The current starting from the White House will be relayed by direct wires to a huge electric clock in Honolulu, and the timepiece will burst into illumination, showing the famous device of the Brotherhood of Elks – the clock that points to the hour of eleven, when Elks all over the world pause to remember kindly their absent brothers.”

“It will be eleven when the button is touched in Washington, and that will be about seven o’clock in Honolulu. This is the time for the opening of the Washington Birthday Carnival and Floral Parade season of festivities in Honolulu, and President Taft, being an Elk, has been asked to start the celebration.”

“Honolulu’s Floral Parade observance of Washington’s Birthday is only a few years old, and the Carnival features, undertaken by Honolulu Lodge, No. 606, B. P. O. E., are only two years old.”

“The Floral Parade was a brilliant success from the start, and has become a public institution, managed by public-spirited citizens year after year. and planned and looked forward to like the Mardi Gras in New Orleans.”

“A majority of the entries in the Parade are floats and decorated automobiles. Honolulu leads all American cities in the number of privately owned autos, in proportion to her size, and an increasing number of the Owners, from year to year, join in the pleasant competition for honors in beauty of decorations.”

“The custom of selecting “malihinis” for judges has been adopted in recent years. Malihini is Hawaiian for strangers, and usually in this connection means visitors, or tourists.

“Last year the floats of the nations were brilliant features of the parade. The Chinese and Japanese especially, with their native wealth in color decorations, put forth striking efforts. and the great Chinese dragon was a sight not to be forgotten.”

“The lodges, societies. clubs, and, in some cases, business organizations, had elaborate floats, while some of the private entries of individuals were of exquisite beauty. Society had its part, and some of the vehicles, carrying feminine beauty arrayed in harmony with the color scheme of the floral decorations, were dreams of beauty.”

“‘Pilikia’ had a prominent place in the parade. He was a frightful-looking monster, doomed to be overpowered and burned to death before the day was over. Pilikia, be it explained for the benefit of the malihini, is a Hawaiian word meaning trouble.”

“The god, or rather demon, of trouble, put together by James Wilder, was a monster of frightful mein. He lived through the parade, but when night came, in the presence of a vast crowd at Palace Square, he was tried and condemned to death.”

“Struggling and wailing, he was cast into a living volcano while the multitude howled with joy, and, by the terms of the allegory. Trouble was dead in Honolulu. It is understood that during the past year the monster reappeared, and if he can be captured he will be tried again.”

“The Carnival features last February were all in the block in front of the Young Hotel. The street was closed and turned over to the Elks, as it will be this February, and within their enclosure the enterprising members of Honolulu Lodge arranged and carried out an entertainment to which the principal exception taken was that the crowds were so large it was difficult to get in.”

“There were many of the features of a circus, with well-known citizens at the sideshows and booths, and society ladies doing their part, and there was a mock court in continuous session.”

“The judge was a fiery citizen of Honolulu named George A. Davis, and he was voted a brilliant success, acquittals of defendants being entirely unheard of during the whole session, and pleadings being assessed with Solomon-like wisdom.”

“This year, in addition to a repetition of this carnival feature, the Elks are to hold a water carnival and electric illumination on the waterfront. The illumination will rival that of the great battleship fleet, some of which lay at the wharves, which are to be reserved for the Elks’ use.”

“The aquatic features will be such as only Hawaii can show. The Elks have nearly a dozen committees at work upon their plans -and propose to make both features of the Carnival annual affairs, which, with the Floral Parade, will cause Washington’s Birthday to be easily the big holiday of the year in Hawaii.”

“That the big February fiesta in Honolulu is attracting attention elsewhere is shown not only by the hundreds of letters received inquiring about it, but in a much more substantial way by the fact that three excursion parties from the mainland – each in its own chartered steamer – will be in Honolulu during the Carnival week.”

“Definite news of the efforts of another party to come has been received, but it will probably be impossible to secure another steamer. The regular steamers will be crowded with Honolulu—bound passengers, and the interisland steamers will bring residents of all the islands of the group to Honolulu.”

Beginning with the Mid-Pacific Carnival in 1904, a series of multiethnic public celebrations and parades were created to attract tourists and showcase Hawaiʻi’s multi-ethnic culture. The Hawaiian Floral Parade was a part of this.

The Mid-Pacific Carnival, held in February, celebrated Washington’s birthday with spectacular and historic pageants and military parades featured. It was held at Aʻala Park in downtown Honolulu. Circus acts, sideshows and hula dancers entertained the public and included an annual Floral Parade. In 1916, Mid-Pacific Carnival merged into the Kamehameha Day Parade (and was later held in June).

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Filed Under: General, Economy Tagged With: Hawaii, Kamehameha Day, Mid-Pacific Carnival, Hawaiian Floral Parade, Washington's Birthday

February 18, 2017 by Peter T Young 3 Comments

Mid-Pacific Carnival

In 1903, the Territory of Hawaiʻi, Chamber of Commerce and Merchants’ Association created the Hawaiʻi Promotion Committee (forerunner to the Hawaiʻi Visitors and Convention Bureau.)

Supported by a legislative appropriation, it was mandated to provide better publicity to encourage tourism to Hawaiʻi.

The early years of the Territorial era saw the creation of a series of public celebrations. Beginning with the Mid-Pacific Carnival in 1904, a series of multiethnic public celebrations and parades were created to attract tourists and showcase Hawaiʻi’s multi-ethnic culture.

Some were overtly characterized as celebrations designed to get visitors to come and/or extend their stays in Hawai’i. Others took advantage of the tourist audience and presented these congenial multiethnic celebrations as the embodiment of the Aloha Spirit.

The Mid-Pacific Carnival, held in February as a celebration in honor of Washington’s birthday, had spectacular and historic pageants and military parades featured.

During the winter season, the Mid-Pacific Carnival was at Aʻala Park in downtown Honolulu. Circus acts, sideshows and hula dancers entertained the public. With the carnival was the annual Floral Parade.

In 1914, the Promotion Committee chose to feature surfing and swimming legend Duke Kahanamoku standing his surfboard on its program and promotional pieces. It was sent all over the world as advertisement to benefit the Territory.

In 1915, a Peace Pageant celebrating one hundred years of peace between America and Great Britain was given by The Friend as a feature of the Mid-Pacific Carnival. Several thousand persons witnessed this educational feature. (The Friend)

On a separate track, starting several years before (1871,) but still ongoing, Kamehameha V had created a celebration with horse-riding and other sports to honor his grandfather, Kamehameha I.

Initially held on December 11, Kamehameha V’s birthday, it was agreed to make this celebration an annual event, but because of the uncertain weather in December it was decided to change the date to June.

Kamehameha V died soon after, and the holiday remained as a “Day in Commemoration of Kamehameha I,” (La Ho‘o-mana‘o o Kamehameha I.) The 1896 legislature declared it a national holiday.

Almost from its first observance this day was celebrated chiefly by horse races in Kapiʻolani Park, but the races eventually gave way to today’s parades of floats and pāʻū riders.

In 1916, Mid-Pacific Carnival merged into the Kamehameha Day Parade.

In 1939, Hawaii Revised Statute 8-5 under the Territorial Legislature of Hawai‘i created the King Kamehameha Celebration Commission.

In 1978 the legislature renamed this holiday King Kamehameha I Day.

On February 14, 1883, the Kamehameha statue was unveiled at Aliʻiōlani Hale during the coronation ceremonies for King Kalākaua. The customary draping of the Kamehameha Statue with lei dates back to 1901.

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Filed Under: General, Economy Tagged With: Hawaii, Mid-Pacific Carnival

June 11, 2016 by Peter T Young 3 Comments

La Ho‘o-mana‘o O Kamehameha I

Kamehameha Day was first proclaimed by Kamehameha V as a day to honor his grandfather, Kamehameha I, and was first celebrated on December 11, 1871 (Kamehameha V’s birthday.) It later changed to June 11.

“The celebration of Kamehameha Day on June 11 came about in the following way.”

“On December 11, 1871, the birthday of Kamehameha V who was at that time ruling king, a public celebration was held with horse-riding and other sports.”

“It was agreed to make this celebration an annual event, but because of the uncertain weather in December to change the date to June.”

“Kamehameha V died soon after, and the holiday remained as a ‘Day in Commemoration of Kamehameha I,’ (La Ho‘o-mana‘o o Kamehameha I.)” (Kamakau)

So, while linked to Kamehameha V’s birth date, it boils down to having a celebration when the weather is better (6-months from King Kamehameha V’s birthday.) The date does not have any direct connection to Kamehameha I.

The 1896 legislature of the Republic of Hawaiʻi declared it a national holiday.

“Kamehameha Day was generally observed by the people. Elaborate preparations were made for the celebration of the day, with sumptuous feasts and sports, and every effort was brought to bear in order to insure the success of the occasion.”

“It might well be said that, in the language of the poet, its observance was usually attended with:
‘The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power,
And all that beaut’, all that wealth e’er gave.’”

“The celebration itself was characterized by a cheerful spirit and good-fellowshlp. ‘Aloha,’ the watchword that opened every heart and brightened every soul, was greeted on every side, and hospitality, unalloyed and unbounded, was displayed at every door. There was no distinction in race, color or creed.” (John C Lane, Mayor, 1916)

In 1939, Hawaiʻi Revised Statutes under the Territorial Legislature of Hawai‘i created the King Kamehameha Celebration Commission – that law remains in effect, today.

State law notes: §8-5 King Kamehameha celebration commission … “The commission shall have charge of all arrangements for the celebration each year generally observed throughout Hawai‘i Nei on June 11, to commemorate the memory of the great Polynesian Hawaiian warrior and statesman King Kamehameha I, who united the Hawaiian Islands into the Kingdom of Hawai‘i”. In 1978 the legislature renamed this holiday King Kamehameha I Day.

Almost from its first observance this day was celebrated chiefly by horse races in Kapi‘olani Park; but the races eventually gave way to today’s parades of floats and pāʻū riders.

On February 14, 1883, the Kamehameha statue was unveiled at Aliʻiōlani Hale during the coronation ceremonies for King Kalākaua.

The stance of the statue, with spear in left hand and right outstretched with open palm, showed the “successful warrior inviting the people … to accept the peace and order he had secured.”

At the request of the monument committee, statue designer Thomas R Gould modified the features to make the king seem about 45-years old. The intent was a bronze statue of ‘heroic size’ (about eight-and-a-half-feet tall.)

‘Boston Evening Transcript’ of September 28, 1878, noted “It has been thought fitting that Boston, which first sent Christian teachers and ships of commerce to the Islands, should have the honor of furnishing this commemorative monument.”

While Gould was a Bostonian, he was studying in Italy, where he designed the statue; ultimately, the statue was cast in bronze in Paris.

It was shipped on August 21, 1880, by the bark ‘GF Haendel,’ and was expected about mid-December. On February 22, 1881, came word that the Haendel had gone down November 15, 1880, off the Falkland Islands. All the cargo had been lost.

About the time it was lost, King Kalākaua was on a royal tour of the island of Hawai‘i. He made a speech in front of the Kohala Post Office.

There, the King was reminded the Kamehameha Statue was destined for Honolulu, yet Kohala, the birthplace of Kamehameha, was overlooked as a place for his statue. Kohala residents then raised funds and a replica was ordered.

It turns out, however, that the original statue had been recovered and was in fair condition. The right hand was broken off near the wrist, the spear was broken and the feather cape had a hole in it. It was taken to a shed at Aliʻiolani Hale to be repaired.

Meanwhile, on January 31, 1883, the replica ordered by Kohala arrived. On February 14, 1883, the replica statue was unveiled at Aliʻiolani Hale during the coronation ceremonies for King Kalākaua.

As for the original statue (which had been repaired,) it was dedicated on May 8, 1883 (the anniversary of Kamehameha’s death) and is in Kapaʻau, North Kohala outside Kohala’s community/senior center.

There are now four different statues of similar design of Kamehameha:
• The first replica stands prominently in front of Aliʻiolani Hale in Honolulu
• The original (repaired) casting of the statue is at Kapaʻau, North Kohala
• Another replica is in US Capitol’s visitor center in Washington DC
• Another statue is at the Wailoa River State Recreation Area in Hilo

The customary draping of the Kamehameha Statue with lei dates back to 1901. As far as the parade goes, in 1903, the Territory of Hawaiʻi, Chamber of Commerce and Merchants’ Association created the Hawaiʻi Promotion Committee (forerunner to the Hawaiʻi Visitors and Convention Bureau.) Supported by a legislative appropriation, it was mandated to provide better publicity to encourage tourism to Hawaiʻi.

The early years of the Territorial era saw the creation of a series of public celebrations. Beginning with the Mid-Pacific Carnival in 1904, a series of multiethnic public celebrations and parades were created to attract tourists and showcase Hawaiʻi’s multi-ethnic culture.

The Mid-Pacific Carnival, held in February as a celebration in honor of Washington’s birthday, had spectacular and historic pageants and military parades featured. During the winter season, the Mid-Pacific Carnival was at ʻAʻala Park in downtown Honolulu. Circus acts, sideshows and hula dancers entertained the public.

The carnival had an annual Floral Parade. By the early-1900s, the automobile made its appearance and soon reduced the need and use of horses. Then, a group of women made a society to keep the culture going and Pāʻū clubs were formed.

The Hawaiian Star, February 22, 1906, headlined the “Floral Parade a Great Success.” “It was a great day for Honolulu. The Promotion Committee’s inauguration of what is intended to be an annual event in celebration of Washington’s birthday, could have asked no better day, no greater success …”

“… no more wide spread interest in all classes of the population, no greater enthusiasm among those who participated In the parade, and no more unique, striking, or picturesque a feature to individualize the celebration in Honolulu, and make it separate, and apart from the pageant of other places than the Pa-u riders.”

“The Pa-u riders, of course, were the magnet and center of attraction. This revival of an old custom, picturesque and under the conditions that gave rise to it, strikingly useful, was a happy thought of the Promotion Committee.”

“It appealed to dormant but when aroused, pleasing associations, among the older residents, especially the Hawaiians. It appealed to the love of oddity and the striking costume in the younger generation.” (The Hawaiian Star, February 22, 1906)

In 1916, Mid-Pacific Carnival merged into the Kamehameha Day Parade.

Next time you are at the original or replicas of the Kamehameha Statue, look closely at Kamehameha’s sash; there is an error in the arrangement of the sash. Traditionally, a sash is worn by first draping the sash over the left shoulder to where it falls between the knees.

Then the remaining length is wrapped around the waist and over the front flap of the sash to around the back, fed behind the part over the shoulder, and the remaining hangs down in the back (at knee length.) (San Nicolas) After that, you put the cape on over it all.

“In the statue the cordon passes from the pendent end up behind the portion used as a waist-band, over the left shoulder, outside the cloak, instead of returning down the back to form the belt as it should have done with the end tucked in to tighten the band, it leaves this belt as an independent member and passes down over the cloak to trail on the ground!” (Brigham)

“The final arrangement must be based on esthetic rather than historical grounds. In fact, the decorated end of the sash drags on the ground behind the figure. The other end has had to be supplemented with a fictitious terminal band to be presentable in front.”

“If you look closely, the final arrangement is impossible without two sashes: a long one from malo front over the shoulder and down to the ground, and a short, separate belt.” (Later noted by Charlot.)

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Kamehameha-Statue-(HTA)
The original statue of King Kamehameha I, in Kapaʻau
The original statue of King Kamehameha I, in Kapaʻau
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King Kamehameha I statue and Aliiolani Hale building, in downtown Honolulu
King Kamehameha I statue and Aliiolani Hale building, in downtown Honolulu
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The original statue of King Kamehameha I, in Kapaʻau, North Kohala. Sculptor-Thomas Ridgeway Gould
The original statue of King Kamehameha I, in Kapaʻau, North Kohala. Sculptor-Thomas Ridgeway Gould
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Statue of Kamehameha I, located in the Wailoa River recreation area of Hilo
Statue of Kamehameha I, located in the Wailoa River recreation area of Hilo
Kamehameha statue on display in the US Capitol Visitors Center, Washington DC
Kamehameha statue on display in the US Capitol Visitors Center, Washington DC
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Filed Under: Ali'i / Chiefs / Governance, Economy, General Tagged With: Hawaii, Kamehameha Day, La Hoomanao O Kamehameha I, Mid-Pacific Carnival, Floral Parade

February 21, 2016 by Peter T Young Leave a Comment

Invasion of Waikiki

“From the Waikiki Inn to the Seaside Hotel the beach and all available space back of it was occupied by spectators. … There were hundreds of tourists hailing from the four corners of the earth and representatives of almost every race on the globe in the crowd.” (Hawaiian Gazette, February 25, 1913)

This was Hawaiʻi’s first pageant, part of the 1913 Mid-Winter Carnival, commemorating the conquering of Oʻahu by Hawaiʻi’s first King.

“Plunging across sunlit billows and riding swiftly upon the crest of the reef-combed rollers of Waikiki Bay yesterday, a fleet of war canoes brought the conquering army of Kamehameha the Great to Oahu, the first scene in the first historical pageant ever staged in the territory.” (Hawaiian Gazette, February 25, 1913)

“Kamehameha and his warriors were late landing. It was at first intended that the canoes bearing the brown soldiers should reach the beach between the Outrigger club grounds and the Moana hotel at o’clock, but one delay after another came up …”

“… the greatest of which was the tardy arrival of, the Pacific Mail steamer Mongolia, aboard of which were 134 passengers who had come all the way from San Francisco on purpose to witness the pageant.” (Star-Bulletin, February 21, 1913)

“In all there were in the flotilla about forty canoes, big and little, and as they paddled away in the gloom of the early morning each canoe was loaded to the guards.”

Palenapa, of the Honolulu police force, portrayed Kamehameha. Seventy Kamehameha Schools boys, a large delegation from the Kamehameha Aquatic club and several other organizations took part.

“Not a phase of the old conflict had been forgotten and as many of the features that made the flotilla of Kamehameha the Great unique had been placed aboard the canoes as could be got together in the short time allowed the manager of the pageant.”

“There were the tabu sticks, carried by the Puloulou, or custodian of the sacred things, there were the feathered tufts or the kahilis, sign of royalty, there: were the pauas or bows, and the puas or arrows, the deadly little poisoned darts”. (Star Bulletin, February 21, 1913)

“Probably over seven thousand people were at Waikiki to see the spectacle.”

“It is to be regretted that there were no grandstand accommodations and I am afraid that many or our visitors did not Vet a very good view of the picturesque ceremonies carried on. I hoe that if anything of the kind is attempted again, arrangements will be for more seating.” (Chillingworth, Star-Bulletin, February 21, 1913)

“All credit to John H. Wise, chairman of the regatta committee, and his lieutenants for making the affair the undoubted success it was despite the manifold difficulties with which they found themselves confronted at every stage of the preparations.”

“All credit to Director (Charles) Chillingworth, who stood behind his assistants, directing the work, fitting the multiplicity of detail into beautiful, harmonious whole.”

“Immediately after the ceremony of landing most of the crowd returned to town, though a large number gathered on the beach around the army of natives and were awarded by witnessing the hula dance.” (Star Bulletin, February 21, 1913)

Carnival events in 1913 included the Landing of Kamehameha, special productions at the Opera House, Horse Races, Military Parade, Floral Parade, Hawaiian luau and other events around town. Publicity on the mainland is credited for bringing in more than 2,000 tourists for the activities.

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Pageant in Waikiki-PP-62-9-030
Hula_performed_for_reenactment_of_the_landing_of_Kamehameha_at_Waikiki,_Floral_Parade,_February_22,_1913
Hula_performed_for_reenactment_of_the_landing_of_Kamehameha_at_Waikiki,_Floral_Parade,_February_22,_1913
Pageant Waikiki-PP-62-10-019-3-00001
Pageant Waikiki-PP-62-10-019-3-00001
Mid-Pacific Carnival-1913
Mid-Pacific Carnival-1913

Filed Under: General, Economy Tagged With: Hawaii, Waikiki, Mid-Pacific Carnival

Images of Old Hawaiʻi

People, places, and events in Hawaiʻi’s past come alive through text and media in “Images of Old Hawaiʻi.” These posts are informal historic summaries presented for personal, non-commercial, and educational purposes.

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