February 19, 1820 – no entry. (Thaddeus Journal)
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Day 121 – February 20, 1820
February 20, 1820 – no entry. (Thaddeus Journal)
Feb. 20. Once more we are favored with a pleasant, peaceful, Sabbath. Have had public worship on deck. Brother T preached from the words, “I was glad when they said unto me, let us go into the house of the Lord.” The thought that perhaps I might again worship god in his earthly courts, filled my mind with joy and address. I thought of my dear friends and the privileges they enjoy, and could not but say, praise your mercies. We, though deprived of many enjoyments will not complain. We have voluntarily sacrificed the dear delights of civilized society, and relinquish the happiness of home and friends, to carry the blessings of the Gospel to the nation degraded and vicious. When I left my home and native land, I knew but little of the character of that people, to whom I am going. Capt B & some of his officers who have been to the Sandwich Islands, have given us considerable information respect in them. They represent the inhabitants as very degraded, immersed in almost every vice to which human nature is prone & addicted to practices to abominable to be named. O how much do they need the gospel, to raise them from the state of pollution & wretchedness & to make them a holy and happy people. Could we not lean upon an arm which is omnipotent when contemplating their wretched state, our hearts would sink within us. But we know the arm of the Almighty is not short and that it cannot save, nor his ear heavy that it cannot here. (Mercy Partridge Whitney Journal)
20. – My sabbaths are truly refreshing. I believe the prayers of my friends are heard and answered. How blessed to be the subject of so many supplications. Brother T preached today and from 122 psalm 1st verse. (Samuel Whitney Journal)
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Shangri La
Doris Duke was the only child of tobacco and electric energy tycoon James Buchanan Duke.
She received large bequests from her father’s will when she turned 21, 25, and 30; she was sometimes referred to as the “world’s richest girl.”
She also acquired a number of homes. Her principal residence was Duke Farms, her father’s 2,700-acre estate in Hillsborough Township, New Jersey. Here she created Duke Gardens, 60,000-square-foot public indoor botanical display that were among the largest in America.
She spent summer weekends working on her Newport Restoration Foundation projects while staying at Rough Point, the 49-room English manor-style mansion that she inherited in Newport, Rhode Island; she also had a home at “Falcon’s Lair” in Beverly Hills, California, once the home of Rudolph Valentino.
She also maintained two apartments in Manhattan: a 9-room penthouse with a 1,000-square-foot veranda at 475 Park Avenue and another apartment near Times Square that she used exclusively as an office for the management of her financial affairs.
In the late 1930s, Doris Duke built her Honolulu home, Shangri La, on five acres overlooking the Pacific Ocean and Diamond Head. Shangri La incorporates architectural features from the Islamic world and houses Duke’s extensive collection of Islamic art, which she assembled for nearly 60 years.
It was a retreat and sanctuary for a woman who greatly valued her privacy; she typically spent winters there.
From its inception, Doris Duke’s estate was envisioned by its founder as a home of Islamic art and architecture. As early as 1936, Shangri La was shaped by a symbiotic relationship between the built environment and the collection.
For nearly 60 years, Doris Duke commissioned and collected artifacts for Shangri La, ultimately forming a collection of about 3,500 objects, the majority of which were made in the Islamic world.
In the same manner that her father transformed Duke Farms from flat New Jersey farmland into his ideal of a magnificently landscaped country estate, Doris Duke transformed her own private Shangri La into a haven from the unwanted publicity that came with being one of the wealthiest women in the world.
Through an Exchange Deed dated December 8, 1938 between the Territorial Land Board of Hawai‘i and Ms. Duke, two underwater parcels (totaling approximately 0.6 acres) were added to the Duke property.
The transfer gave the Territory a perpetual easement of a four-foot right-of-way for a pedestrian causeway along the coastline.
At water’s edge below the estate, Duke then dynamited a small-boat harbor and a seventy-five-foot salt-water swimming pool into the rock. The harbor was built to protect Duke’s fleet of yachts, including Kailani Lahilahi, an ocean-going, 58-foot motor yacht and Kimo, the 26-foot mahogany runabout that Duke sometimes used to commute into Honolulu.
Doris Duke died at her Falcon’s Lair home on October 28, 1993, at the age of 80. In her will, Duke set in motion plans to open Shangri La to the public as a place for the study of Islamic art and culture.
Doris Duke’s philanthropic work extended throughout her lifetime; her estimated $1.3-billion fortune was largely left to charity. Duke’s legacy is now administered by the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, dedicated to medical research, prevention of cruelty to children and animals, the performing arts, wildlife and ecology.
Today, Shangri La is open for guided, small group tours and educational programs. In partnership with the Doris Duke Foundation for Islamic Art – which owns and supports Shangri La – the Honolulu Museum of Art serves as the orientation center for Shangri La tours.
Education programs such as residencies, lectures, performances, panel discussions, among other special events with a focus on Muslim arts and culture are offered. The estate can also be visited by public tour and by virtual tour.
The public shoreline access and small basin is a popular swimming hole (which the State recently took over); in addition, the harbor’s jetty serves as a jump-off point to get to two nearby surf breaks, Cromwells and Browns.
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photograph by Cory Lum/Civil Beat
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Day 122 – February 21, 1820
February 21, 1820 – no entry. (Thaddeus Journal)
Monday , February 21. A pleasant morning. It is delightful sailing in the Pacific, we have the trade winds which take us along at the rate of 7 or 8 miles an hour. In 25 days we hope to see Mauna-Noa, the highest mountain in Owhyhee. We are now nearly opposite Otahiti, and not many days sail from it. We should all like very well to call and see our brother & sister Missionaries there. (Lucia Ruggles Holman)
Feb. 21.-Several things respecting the mission appear in a much less favorable light than when I contemplated the subject in my native land. The circumstance which appeared so auspicious of the king’s returning with his influence cast in the scale of civilization and Christianity, now appears in the following light; that George Kaumualii is the illegitimate son of a chief. One reason why he sent him abroad, was to save him from falling a victim to the malice and jealousy of his wife. On his return, he has serious apprehensions that his life will be sought. It was said that Kamehameha, the king, was wishing that instructors might be sent there, promising to be a father to them. Poor man! Age has carried him almost to his grave, and his decease presents the prospect of a civil war, to decide which of the chiefs shall be his successor. (Lucy Goodale Thurston)
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The New “Big 5”
This story was inspired by a luncheon talk former OHA Trustee, Peter Apo gave to the Hawaiʻi Economic Association I attended. Although he hinted at the “Big 5” reference, he purposefully referenced it differently.
Since the early/mid-1800s, until relatively recently, five major companies emerged and dominated the state’s economic framework. Their common trait: they were founded in agriculture – sugar and pineapple.
They became known as the Big 5: Amfac – starting as Hackfeld & Company (1849;) Alexander & Baldwin (1870;) Theo H. Davies (1845;) Castle & Cooke (1851) and C. Brewer (1826.)
The luncheon talk suggested a new group of five is making a difference in Hawaiʻi’s economic scene.
The new “Big 5:” Kamehameha Schools, Queen Emma Foundation/Queens Health Systems, Department of Hawaiian Home Lands, Office of Hawaiian Affairs and Queen Liliʻuokalani Trust.
Their common trait: they are entities formed from or for native Hawaiians.
Kamehameha Schools (KS)
The largest, Kamehameha Schools (KS) was founded under the terms of the 1884 will of Bernice Pauahi Bishop and is supported by the land assets she provided to support the schools.
The Princess noted in her will that a trust is “to erect and maintain in the Hawaiian Islands two schools, each for boarding and day scholars, one for boys and one for girls, to be known as, and called the Kamehameha Schools.”
She further stated, “I desire my trustees to provide first and chiefly a good education in the common English branches, and also instruction in morals and in such useful knowledge as may tend to make good and industrious men and women”.
Through the legacy of its founder, KS is endowed with 365,000-acres of land statewide, ninety-eight percent of which is in agriculture and conservation.
KS has about 1,000 agricultural tenants who farm a variety of crops including coffee, papaya, pineapple, macadamia nuts, lettuce, asparagus, sweet potatoes, taro, watercress, avocado, bananas, tomatoes, cattle, aquaculture, and more.
Kamehameha Schools has net assets of nearly $7-billion and annual operating revenue of $1.34-billion.
Queen Emma Foundation/Queens Health Systems
The Queen’s Hospital, now called The Queen’s Medical Center, was founded in 1859 by Queen Emma and King Kamehameha IV.
Queen Emma Land Company was established to support the Queen’s Medical Center and its affiliates and accomplishes this by managing and enhancing income-generating potential of the lands left to the Queen’s Hospital by Queen Emma in 1885 and additional properties owned by the Queen’s Health Systems.
Today, the Queen’s Health Systems is Hawaiʻi’s oldest health care-related family of companies, ranking 13th in size among Hawaiʻi’s corporations and employing approximately 3,700 employees with net revenues of roughly $516-million.
Department of Hawaiian Home Lands (DHHL)
Written in 1920 and passed in 1921 by the US Congress, the “Hawaiian Homes Commission Act” established a structure and framework for the establishment of the Department of Hawaiian Home Lands (DHHL) to enable native Hawaiians to return to their lands in order to fully support self-sufficiency for native Hawaiians and the self-determination of native Hawaiians.
The principal purposes of the Act: establishing a permanent land base for the benefit and use of native Hawaiians; placing native Hawaiians on the lands; preventing alienation of the fee title to the lands set aside so that these lands will always be held in trust for continued use by native Hawaiians in perpetuity …
… providing adequate amounts of water and supporting infrastructure, so that homestead lands will always be usable and accessible; and providing financial support and technical assistance to native Hawaiian beneficiaries.
When considering development and use of its lands, DHHL asserts its land use authority over Hawaiian Home Lands through its General Plan and Island Plans and is exempt from State and County land classification requirements.
DHHL has net assets of approximately $717-million and annual operating revenue of over $12-million, plus on-going capital improvement/development expenditures.
Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA)
Amendments to the State Constitution in 1978 established the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA.) Those amendments also established a board of trustees for the Office of Hawaiian Affairs.
The Office of Hawaiian Affairs is a semi-autonomous state agency created “to address the needs of the aboriginal class of people of Hawaii.”
Duties of the Board of Trustees include, “hold title to all the real and personal property now or hereafter set aside or conveyed to it which shall be held in trust … (as well as) manage and administer the proceeds from the sale or other disposition of the lands, natural resources, minerals and income derived from whatever sources for native Hawaiians and Hawaiians”.
Recently, it was announced that the State and OHA settled disagreements on past ceded land payments. The State is giving about 25 acres of land to OHA, worth $200 million.
This is added to its existing inventory of Wao Kele O Puna (25,800+ acres,) Waimea Valley (1,800-acres) and other smaller properties.
The Office of Hawaiian Affairs has net assets of over $650-million and operating revenue of over $40-million.
The Liliʻuokalani Trust (QLT)
In 1909, Queen Liliʻuokalani executed a Deed of Trust that established the legal and financial foundation of an institution dedicated to the welfare of orphaned and destitute children of Hawaiʻi.
Her Deed of Trust states that “all the property of the Trust Estate, both principal and income … shall be used by the Trustees for the benefit of orphan and other destitute children in the Hawaiian Islands, the preference given to Hawaiian children of pure or part-aboriginal blood.”
The trust owns approximately 6,200-acres of Hawaiʻi real estate, the vast majority of which is located on the Island of Hawaiʻi. 92% is agriculture/conservation land, with the remaining land zoned for residential, commercial and industrial use.
The trust owns approximately 16-acres of Waikīkī real estate and another 8-acres of commercial and residential real estate on other parts of Oʻahu. It has operating revenues of approximately $40-million.
In addition to these land holdings, the Legislature created the Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve Commission (KIRC) to manage the Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve while it is held in trust for a future Native Hawaiian sovereign entity.
While most of the prior “Big 5” have slowly faded away and no longer influence Hawaiʻi’s economy as in the past, these other five have a growing presence and influence in Hawaiʻi’s future.
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